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              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考方向  </td><td align="center">参考原文</td></tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=200px>Vim 文档</td>        <td align="left"> <a href="https://www.vim.org/" target="_blank">https://www.vim.org/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=200px rowspan="2">Vim 源码</td>        <td align="left"> <a href="https://github.com/vim/vim" target="_blank">https://github.com/vim/vim  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"> <a href="https://gitee.com/ijliu/vim" target="_blank">https://gitee.com/ijliu/vim  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </td>    </tr></table>
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<h1 id="一、-vim-简介"><a href="#一、-vim-简介" class="headerlink" title="一、 vim 简介"></a><font size=3>一、 vim 简介</font></h1><p>Vi 编辑器是所有 Unix 及 Linux 系统下标准的编辑器，就相当于 windows 系统中的记事本一样，它的强大不逊色于任何最新的文本编辑器。是我们使用 Linux 系统不能缺少的工具。由于对 Unix 及 Linux 系统的任何版本， vi 编辑器是完全相同的。它使用控制台图形模式来模拟文本编辑窗口，允许查看文件中的行、在文件中移动、插入、编辑和替换文本。</p>
<p>Vi  可能是世界上复杂的编辑器（讨厌它的人是这么认为的，我也是），但其拥有的大量特性使其成为  Unix  管理员多年来的支柱性工具。在  GNU  项目中，程序员在将  Vi  编辑器移植到开源世界的同时，决定对其作一些改进。由于改进后的  Vi  不再是以前  Unix  中的那个原始的  Vi  编辑器了，开发人员也就将它重命名为 Vi improved ，也就是   vim 。</p>
<p>  vim 是一种高度可配置的文本编辑器，它可以当作 vi 的升级版本。可以非常有效地创建和更改任何类型的文本。  vim 是非常稳定的，并且正在不断地被开发得更好。它比 vi 更加的强大，而且可以自行配置。</p>
<p>虽然它对于新手一点都不友好，比如说我，我就比较喜欢用 VS Code 来写代码，但是后来发现，  vim 确实有很多强大的地方，而且对于没有图形界面的 linux 系统来说，  vim 无疑成了最好的选择。</p>
<h1 id="二、-vim-安装"><a href="#二、-vim-安装" class="headerlink" title="二、 vim 安装"></a><font size=3>二、 vim 安装</font></h1><h2 id="1-方法一：-apt-安装"><a href="#1-方法一：-apt-安装" class="headerlink" title="1. 方法一： apt 安装"></a><font size=3>1. 方法一： apt 安装</font></h2><p>该方法安装  vim 最简单，但是安装到的  vim 版本可能会落后于  vim 源码仓库的版本。</p>
<ul>
<li>（1）检测是否安装了vim</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">输入vim以检测是否安装有vim</span></span><br><span class="line">vim</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">若未安装则会有以下提示</span></span><br><span class="line">Command &#x27;vim&#x27; not found, but can be installed with:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim       </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim-gtk3  </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim-tiny  </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install neovim    </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim-athena</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim-gtk   </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim-nox </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（2）未安装的话根据提示进行安装</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">执行以下命令安装即可，这样得到的 vim 版本会比 vim 仓库晚几个版本</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">写这篇文章时安装完毕是 vim8.0</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">卸载vim</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get autoremove vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-方法二：-PPA-安装-vim"><a href="#2-方法二：-PPA-安装-vim" class="headerlink" title="2. 方法二： PPA 安装  vim "></a><font size=3>2. 方法二： PPA 安装  vim </font></h2><p>通过这种方式安装的软件版本都会比较新，大多数情况都是最新版本，而且这种方式安装的软件版本升级也是很方便的。</p>
<ul>
<li>（1）查找安装了哪些  vim</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dpkg -l | grep vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（2）根据情况卸载相关软件包</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get autoremove vim vim-common vim-tiny vim-runtime</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（3）安装  vim</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">ubuntu-tweak官方源</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/vim</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">更新源</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt update</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">安装vim</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">写这篇文章时安装完毕是 vim8.2</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（4）卸载  vim</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install ppa-purge   # 先安装ppa-purge软件包，ppa-purge是一个 ppa 扩展工具</span><br><span class="line">sudo ppa-purge ppa:jonathonf/vim # 卸载 vim</span><br><span class="line">sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:jonathonf/vim  # 删除vim的ppa仓库</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-方式三：源码安装-vim"><a href="#3-方式三：源码安装-vim" class="headerlink" title="3. 方式三：源码安装  vim "></a><font size=3>3. 方式三：源码安装  vim </font></h2><p>这种方式真的是超级麻烦，我后来选用的都是方式二进行的安装，不得不承认， PPA 是真方便。不过这样踩一遍坑，对后边 linux 的学习也是大有裨益。这种安装方式，理论上可以安装任意版本的  vim 。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-卸载原来的-vim"><a href="#3-1-卸载原来的-vim" class="headerlink" title="3.1 卸载原来的  vim "></a><font size=3>3.1 卸载原来的  vim </font></h3><ul>
<li>查找安装了哪些  vim</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dpkg -l | grep vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>根据情况卸载相关软件包</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get autoremove vim vim-common vim-tiny vim-runtime</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-2-vim-源码下载"><a href="#3-2-vim-源码下载" class="headerlink" title="3.2  vim 源码下载"></a><font size=3>3.2  vim 源码下载</font></h3><p>在这里提供两个网址，应该都是  vim 的源码仓库。我一般用 Gitee ，有更快的，何必选慢的呢，要是有其他途径的话，两种方式当然都可以下载到源码。</p>
<div class="tabs" id="vimdownloadtab"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><a href="#vimdownloadtab-1">Gitee</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#vimdownloadtab-2">Github</a></li></ul><div class="tab-content"><div class="tab-pane active" id="vimdownloadtab-1"><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git clone https://gitee.com/ijliu/vim.git ~/vim   # 注意保证 ~/vim 是空的</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><div class="tab-pane" id="vimdownloadtab-2"><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git clone https://github.com/vim/vim.git ~/vim   # 注意保证 ~/vim 是空的</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div></div></div>

<h3 id="3-3-软件准备"><a href="#3-3-软件准备" class="headerlink" title="3.3 软件准备"></a><font size=3>3.3 软件准备</font></h3><ul>
<li>make</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install make   # 安装 make 命令</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-4-开始编译安装-vim"><a href="#3-4-开始编译安装-vim" class="headerlink" title="3.4 开始编译安装  vim "></a><font size=3>3.4 开始编译安装  vim </font></h3><ul>
<li>清除以前编译文件</li>
</ul>
<p>第一次下载下来的应该没有，不过也清一下吧，万一后边有问题呢。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/vim        # 进入 vim 源码目录</span><br><span class="line">make clean      # 清除之前编译的可执行文件及配置文件</span><br><span class="line">make distclean  # 清除所有生成的文件</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>安装相关依赖库</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev \</span><br><span class="line">python-dev \</span><br><span class="line">python3-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libgtk-3-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libatk1.0-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libbonoboui2-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libcairo2-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libx11-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libxpm-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libxt-dev</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>创建  vim 安装目录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo mkdir /usr/local/vim # 若没有该文件夹则创建文件夹</span><br><span class="line">sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/vim # 获取读写权限</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>Python 配置</li>
</ul>
<p>进行编译之前吗，需要配置一下 Python ，当使用全局符号时，会导致第二个版本的 python 崩溃，所以当使用全局符号时只能有一个版本的 python 是有效的，所以此处只能使用 python2 或者 python3 中的一种，自行选择即可。（当然，这句话是网上找的，具体哪里用到我暂时还没发现，后续发现了再补充）。</p>
<div class="tabs" id="pythontab"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><a href="#pythontab-1">Python3</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#pythontab-2">Python2</a></li></ul><div class="tab-content"><div class="tab-pane active" id="pythontab-1"><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./configure --with-features=huge \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-multibyte \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-rubyinterp \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-python3interp \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-luainterp \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-cscope \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-gui=gtk3 \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-perlinterp \</span><br><span class="line">--with-python3-config-dir=/usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/ \</span><br><span class="line">--prefix=/usr/local/vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><div class="tab-pane" id="pythontab-2"><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./configure --with-features=huge \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-multibyte \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-rubyinterp \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-pythoninterp \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-luainterp \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-cscope \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-gui=gtk3 \</span><br><span class="line">--enable-perlinterp \</span><br><span class="line">--with-python-config-dir=/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/ \</span><br><span class="line">--prefix=/usr/local/vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div></div></div>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关参数说明 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">--with-features=huge：支持最大特性</span><br><span class="line">--enable-rubyinterp：打开对 ruby 编写的插件的支持</span><br><span class="line">--enable-pythoninterp：打开对 python 编写的插件的支持</span><br><span class="line">--enable-python3interp：打开对 python3 编写的插件的支持</span><br><span class="line">--enable-luainterp：打开对 lua 编写的插件的支持</span><br><span class="line">--enable-perlinterp：打开对 perl 编写的插件的支持</span><br><span class="line">--enable-multibyte：打开多字节支持，可以在  vim 中输入中文</span><br><span class="line">--enable-cscope：打开对cscope的支持</span><br><span class="line">--enable-gui=gtk3 表示生成采用 GNOME3 风格的 gvim</span><br><span class="line">--with-python-config-dir=/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/ 指定 python 路径</span><br><span class="line">--with-python3-config-dir=/usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/ 指定 python3路径</span><br><span class="line">--prefix=/usr/local/vim：指定将要安装到的路径</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
              </div>
            </details>

<ul>
<li>编译安装</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make # 编译</span><br><span class="line">make install # 安装</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>验证是否安装成功</li>
</ul>
<p>这里我们直接使用所安装 vim 的绝对路径来查看 vim 版本信息，并查看 Python 的支持情况。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/usr/local/vim/bin/vim --version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>情况如下图所示，由图可知，  vim 安装成功，并且支持 Python3 （这是因为上边配置的就是 Python3 ）。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/02VIM%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8/LV01-VIM-01-VIM%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20220303210830768.png" alt="image-20220303210830768" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h3 id="3-5-环境变量配置"><a href="#3-5-环境变量配置" class="headerlink" title="3.5 环境变量配置"></a><font size=3>3.5 环境变量配置</font></h3><p>由上一步可知，  vim 已经通过源码安装成功，接下来，让我们从终端启动  vim 试一试。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim --version   # 在终端输入该命令</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这里提前说明一下，这个时候我们是不能直接使用 vim ，这是为什么呢？这是因为我们并没有配置环境变量，终端并不知道要到哪里去找 vim 命令。具体配置接下来会说明。</p>
<div class="tabs" id="vimenvironment"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><a href="#vimenvironment-1">无其他vi/vim</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#vimenvironment-2">有其他vi/vim</a></li></ul><div class="tab-content"><div class="tab-pane active" id="vimenvironment-1"><p>之前没有安装老版本 vim 或者之前版本已经卸载干净的时候，会有如下结果。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/02VIM%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8/LV01-VIM-01-VIM%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20220303211229438.png" alt="image-20220303211229438" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>此时系统无法找到 vim 命令，该怎么处理呢？添加环境变量到相应文件夹即可。</p></div><div class="tab-pane" id="vimenvironment-2"><p>之前有其他版本的 vi&#x2F;vim 时，会有如下情况产生：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/02VIM%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8/LV01-VIM-01-VIM%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20220303212351112.png" alt="image-20220303212351112" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>我们发现，该命令是可用的，但是， vim 版本却是之前的版本，那我们该怎么处理呢？处理方法一致，配置环境变量即可。</p></div></div></div>

<ul>
<li>配置环境变量</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">用文本编辑器打开 .bashrc文件</span></span><br><span class="line">gedit ~/.bashrc</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">在~/.bashrc中添加vim的环境路径</span></span><br><span class="line">export PATH=&quot;/usr/local/vim/bin/:$PATH&quot;  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>重启后再进行验证</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim --version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时情况如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/02VIM%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8/LV01-VIM-01-VIM%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20220303212124095.png" alt="image-20220303212124095" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>到此为止，  vim 终于安装完毕了，源码安装实在是有些麻烦，不过还好有方法二😆。</p>
<h3 id="3-6-卸载-vim"><a href="#3-6-卸载-vim" class="headerlink" title="3.6 卸载  vim "></a><font size=3>3.6 卸载  vim </font></h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/vim</span><br><span class="line">make uninstall</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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  <div class="my_post_copyright"> 
    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/f722d529.html">LV01-VIM-01-VIM简介与安装.md</a></p>
    <p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="欢迎访问 《苏木》 的学习笔记">苏木</a></p>
    <p><span>发布时间:</span>2023年07月02日 - 15:05</p>
    <p><span>最后更新:</span>2025年06月14日 - 00:25</p>
    <p><span>原始链接:</span><a href="/post/f722d529.html" title="LV01-VIM-01-VIM简介与安装.md">https://sumumm.github.io/post/f722d529.html</a></p>
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